Latest figures
Net Migration
Annual Net Migration
ONS estimates are subject to revision.
View data: Annual Net Migration
| Year | Annual Net Migration |
|---|---|
| 2012 | 195 thousand people |
| 2013 | 244 thousand people |
| 2014 | 284 thousand people |
| 2015 | 303 thousand people |
| 2016 | 249 thousand people |
| 2017 | 208 thousand people |
| 2018 | 276 thousand people |
| 2019 | 184 thousand people |
| 2020 | 93 thousand people |
| 2021 | 467 thousand people |
| 2022 | 891 thousand people |
| 2023 | 848 thousand people |
| 2024 | 331 thousand people |
| 2025 | 171 thousand people |
Immigration vs Emigration
View data: Immigration vs Emigration
| Year | Immigration | Emigration |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 643 thousand people | -448 thousand people |
| 2013 | 713 thousand people | -469 thousand people |
| 2014 | 778 thousand people | -494 thousand people |
| 2015 | 797 thousand people | -494 thousand people |
| 2016 | 772 thousand people | -523 thousand people |
| 2017 | 752 thousand people | -544 thousand people |
| 2018 | 825 thousand people | -549 thousand people |
| 2019 | 788 thousand people | -605 thousand people |
| 2020 | 662 thousand people | -569 thousand people |
| 2021 | 947 thousand people | -480 thousand people |
| 2022 | 1,398 thousand people | -508 thousand people |
| 2023 | 1,441 thousand people | -593 thousand people |
| 2024 | 1,012 thousand people | -680 thousand people |
| 2025 | 813 thousand people | -642 thousand people |
Small Boat Channel Crossings
Monthly Small Boat Crossings
First plotted point is December 2018, after 12 months of observations. Covers detected small boat arrivals.
View data: Monthly Small Boat Crossings
| Month | Rolling 12-month total |
|---|---|
| Dec 2018 | 299 arrivals |
| Jan 2019 | 337 arrivals |
| Feb 2019 | 425 arrivals |
| Mar 2019 | 491 arrivals |
| Apr 2019 | 571 arrivals |
| May 2019 | 721 arrivals |
| Jun 2019 | 880 arrivals |
| Jul 2019 | 1,075 arrivals |
| Aug 2019 | 1,407 arrivals |
| Sep 2019 | 1,610 arrivals |
| Oct 2019 | 1,662 arrivals |
| Nov 2019 | 1,703 arrivals |
| Dec 2019 | 1,843 arrivals |
| Jan 2020 | 1,892 arrivals |
| Feb 2020 | 1,987 arrivals |
| Mar 2020 | 2,109 arrivals |
| Apr 2020 | 2,587 arrivals |
| May 2020 | 3,180 arrivals |
| Jun 2020 | 3,744 arrivals |
| Jul 2020 | 4,660 arrivals |
| Aug 2020 | 5,788 arrivals |
| Sep 2020 | 7,524 arrivals |
| Oct 2020 | 7,921 arrivals |
| Nov 2020 | 8,531 arrivals |
| Dec 2020 | 8,462 arrivals |
| Jan 2021 | 8,592 arrivals |
| Feb 2021 | 8,717 arrivals |
| Mar 2021 | 9,360 arrivals |
| Apr 2021 | 9,552 arrivals |
| May 2021 | 10,436 arrivals |
| Jun 2021 | 11,886 arrivals |
| Jul 2021 | 14,287 arrivals |
| Aug 2021 | 15,870 arrivals |
| Sep 2021 | 18,526 arrivals |
| Oct 2021 | 20,755 arrivals |
| Nov 2021 | 26,965 arrivals |
| Dec 2021 | 28,526 arrivals |
| Jan 2022 | 29,641 arrivals |
| Feb 2022 | 29,476 arrivals |
| Mar 2022 | 31,711 arrivals |
| Apr 2022 | 33,104 arrivals |
| May 2022 | 34,393 arrivals |
| Jun 2022 | 35,356 arrivals |
| Jul 2022 | 35,531 arrivals |
| Aug 2022 | 41,109 arrivals |
| Sep 2022 | 44,471 arrivals |
| Oct 2022 | 48,670 arrivals |
| Nov 2022 | 45,781 arrivals |
| Dec 2022 | 45,755 arrivals |
| Jan 2023 | 45,596 arrivals |
| Feb 2023 | 47,226 arrivals |
| Mar 2023 | 45,000 arrivals |
| Apr 2023 | 45,010 arrivals |
| May 2023 | 43,758 arrivals |
| Jun 2023 | 44,441 arrivals |
| Jul 2023 | 44,053 arrivals |
| Aug 2023 | 40,791 arrivals |
| Sep 2023 | 37,556 arrivals |
| Oct 2023 | 32,525 arrivals |
| Nov 2023 | 30,104 arrivals |
| Dec 2023 | 29,437 arrivals |
| Jan 2024 | 29,592 arrivals |
| Feb 2024 | 28,739 arrivals |
| Mar 2024 | 31,079 arrivals |
| Apr 2024 | 31,058 arrivals |
| May 2024 | 32,275 arrivals |
| Jun 2024 | 31,493 arrivals |
| Jul 2024 | 31,608 arrivals |
| Aug 2024 | 30,388 arrivals |
| Sep 2024 | 29,851 arrivals |
| Oct 2024 | 33,399 arrivals |
| Nov 2024 | 34,639 arrivals |
| Dec 2024 | 36,816 arrivals |
| Jan 2025 | 36,579 arrivals |
| Feb 2025 | 36,617 arrivals |
| Mar 2025 | 38,023 arrivals |
| Apr 2025 | 40,323 arrivals |
| May 2025 | 41,180 arrivals |
| Jun 2025 | 43,309 arrivals |
| Jul 2025 | 45,349 arrivals |
| Aug 2025 | 44,767 arrivals |
| Sep 2025 | 45,659 arrivals |
| Oct 2025 | 43,109 arrivals |
| Nov 2025 | 42,546 arrivals |
| Dec 2025 | 41,472 arrivals |
| Jan 2026 | 41,307 arrivals |
| Feb 2026 | 41,625 arrivals |
| Mar 2026 | 39,271 arrivals |
| Apr 2026 | 36,814 arrivals |
| May 2026 | 35,802 arrivals |
| Jun 2026 | 33,374 arrivals |
Small Boat Arrivals by Nationality
Most common nationalities
Visa Grants
Work, Study & Family Visas
Includes dependants.
View data: Work, Study & Family Visas
| Year | Work | Study | Family |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 193 thousand grants | 404 thousand grants | 56 thousand grants |
| 2020 | 115 thousand grants | 250 thousand grants | 37 thousand grants |
| 2021 | 239 thousand grants | 435 thousand grants | 42 thousand grants |
| 2022 | 422 thousand grants | 624 thousand grants | 47 thousand grants |
| 2023 | 614 thousand grants | 604 thousand grants | 80 thousand grants |
| 2024 | 368 thousand grants | 419 thousand grants | 85 thousand grants |
| 2025 | 260 thousand grants | 427 thousand grants | 66 thousand grants |
Visa Breakdown
View data: Visa Breakdown
| Visa type | Visa Breakdown |
|---|---|
| Study | 427 thousand grants |
| Work | 260 thousand grants |
| Family | 66 thousand grants |
Asylum System
Asylum Applications
View data: Asylum Applications
| Year | Asylum Applications |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 39,968 people |
| 2016 | 39,357 people |
| 2017 | 34,435 people |
| 2018 | 38,483 people |
| 2019 | 45,537 people |
| 2020 | 37,603 people |
| 2021 | 57,942 people |
| 2022 | 95,007 people |
| 2023 | 87,427 people |
| 2024 | 104,764 people |
| 2025 | 101,911 people |
Asylum Grant Rate
View data: Asylum Grant Rate
| Year | Grant Rate % |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 39.9% |
| 2016 | 34% |
| 2017 | 31.9% |
| 2018 | 32.9% |
| 2019 | 52% |
| 2020 | 46.3% |
| 2021 | 72.2% |
| 2022 | 75.9% |
| 2023 | 67.2% |
| 2024 | 47.3% |
| 2025 | 42.1% |
Asylum Applications, Decisions & Grant Rates
Year ending June 2026
| Nationality | Region | Applications | Decisions | Grant rate |
|---|
Top 30 nationalities by claims. The decisions count covers people granted protection or other leave, or refused at initial decision. It can include claims made in earlier years. Grant rates cover main applicants.
About the data
About this data
Net migration estimates come from the Office for National Statistics; small boat crossings, visa grants and asylum figures come from the Home Office's official statistical releases. Most series update quarterly on pre-announced dates, with small boats data published more frequently.
Migration statistics deserve more caution than most: net migration estimates are provisional and often revised by large amounts, small boats figures count one specific route rather than all irregular migration, and asylum grant rates shift with the nationality mix of applicants. The charts show the best official picture, but the newest data points are always the least settled.
Frequently asked questions
What is UK net migration?
Net migration is immigration minus emigration. It fell to 171,000 in 2025, down from a record 944,000 in the year to March 2023, after visa rules were tightened.
How many people cross the Channel in small boats?
33,374 people crossed the Channel in small boats in the year to June 2026. There were 41,472 crossings in 2025, the second-highest year on record after 45,774 in 2022.
What is the UK asylum grant rate?
In the year to June 2026, 38% of asylum claims that received an initial decision were granted protection or other leave, down from a peak of 77% in the year to September 2022. Many initial refusals are later overturned on appeal.